Personal interest is one of the main factors that influence the choice of career of a fresh undergraduate. According to Gacohi (2017), the majority of her respondents indicated that choosing their most preferred field of study was largely influenced by their interest in a certain vocation. A person is more likely to feel passionate about something when they are really interested in it. This passion fuels motivation and a willingness to put up the time and effort necessary to acquire knowledge and proficiency in that field. In a study conducted in Pakistan (2018) by A. A. Humayon, Raza, Aamir Khan, and Ansari, they stated that People should take their personal interests into account when making career decisions because: 1) They would perform better in the field that interests them; 2) People who choose careers that match their personal interests are typically successful; and 3) People could experience greater fulfillment and happiness while working in the field of interest by. Personal ...
Person – Environment Fit (P: E Fit) Theory
Each person has some unique set of interest and skills as well as different jobs require different skills and characters. When a person with the specific interest and skill finds a job with requirements which match those interests and their specific skills, then that individual is likely to be a great fit for that career. People – Environmental fit theories are essentially an occupational fit approach to career guidance. Frank Parson described this process when he founded a career counseling agency in Boston, Massachusetts (Parsons 1909). This approach was used by Roger (1952), who used a series of questions to guide the interviews that he does with clients seeking career advice. His “seven-Point Plan” was widely used in the 1950s to provide career guidance to young graduates. John Holland (1985) elaborated P: E Fit theories. Holland focused on the differences between individuals rather than their similarities. It identifies six type of individuals (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional) – RIASEC. He also recognizes that these types will have different career preferences.
Person-Environment (PE): fit theory is often used to understand how individuals' characteristics and preferences align with the characteristics and demands of their environment. You can relate PE fit theory to career choice in the following ways:
Person-Job Fit: People tend to seek careers that align with their skills, interests, and values. When an individual's personal traits closely match the demands of a specific job or career, it enhances the likelihood of job satisfaction and success. For example, a person valuing creativity may gravitate toward creative professions like design or advertising.
Person-Organization Fit: The concept of Person-Organization Fit underscores the importance of an individual's values and goals matching the culture and principles of the organization they join. A strong fit in this regard can lead to a more fulfilling and engaging career.
Person-Environment Fit: In career choices, this dimension relates to how well an individual's personality traits and lifestyle preferences align with the broader societal and economic context. For instance, someone valuing work-life balance may seek careers in industries known for flexible work arrangements.
Person-Career Fit: Person-Career Fit assesses whether an individual's skills, interests, and values align with their chosen career trajectory. It involves ensuring that an individual's career path is personally fulfilling and aligns with their long-term professional objectives.
Person-Education Fit: Before entering a career, individuals often make educational decisions. PE fit theory can guide these choices, ensuring that the chosen education path aligns with career aspirations. For instance, someone aspiring to become a nurse needs to ensure their educational journey includes the requisite healthcare training.
In essence, PE fit theory empowers individuals to make informed career choices by evaluating how well they match various elements of the work environment. This comprehensive alignment can lead to heightened job satisfaction, improved performance, and enhanced overall well-being within their chosen career.
Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad and Herma Theory – 1951
As cited by Savickas & Lent (1994) this theory proposes that vocational choices are influenced by four factors: the reality factor, the influence of the educational process, the emotional factor, and individual values. According to this theory, vocational development follows a trajectory leading to career choices, encompassing three distinct stages from preteen to young adulthood: Fantasy, Tentative, and realistic.
Individuals are free to explore a variety of occupations during the fantasy stage, giving them the chance to decide which activities they enjoy doing the most. This stage, which lasts from the preteen years through high school, enables children to focus their interests, evaluate their abilities, and match their values with those of various career options. Teenagers are gradually led by this cumulative process to understand the obligations and consequences associated with their future career choices.
Three sub stages make up the realistic stage, which runs from mid-adolescence to early adulthood: exploration, crystallization, and specification. Adolescents start to limit their options during the exploration stage based on their individual preferences, competencies, and abilities. The choice of a particular career path is part of the crystallization stage. The specification stage comes next, during which people pursue the educational opportunities required to realize their career aspirations.
It's crucial to understand that this theory does not necessarily apply to every adolescent's career decision-making process. The availability and accessibility of different occupational options have been acknowledged to be influenced by factors related to gender, race, and social class. These outside variables have the potential to increase or decrease a person's options when choosing a career
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